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Year 2025

1,335 articles published in 2025.

Security — Resolving a request smuggling vulnerability in Pingora

Resolving a request smuggling vulnerability in Pingora

Cloudflare patched a vulnerability (CVE-2025-4366) in the Pingora OSS framework, which exposed users of the framework and Cloudflare CDN’s free tier to potential request smuggling attacks. After being notified, Cloudflare mitigated the issue within 22 hours.

EHEdward H Wang, Andrew HauckEdward H Wang, Andrew Hauck·May 22, 2025Security
Design & UX — You can style alt text like any other text

You can style alt text like any other text

Clever, clever that Andy Bell. He shares a technique for displaying image alt text when the image fails to load. Well, more precisely, it's a technique to apply styles to the alt when the image doesn't load, offering a nice UI fallback for what would otherwise be a busted-looking error.

GGGeoff GrahamGeoff Graham·May 22, 2025Design & UX
Networking — Extending the Malbec subsea cable to Southern Brazil

Extending the Malbec subsea cable to Southern Brazil

Meta is partnering with V.tal to extend the Malbec subsea cable to Porto Alegre, Brazil by 2027. With this new extension, Malbec will become the first subsea cable to land in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, bringing more connectivity to millions of people in Southern Brazil and neighboring countries. Malbec will improve the […]

CWChris Wiltz·May 22, 2025Networking
SRE & Ops — Journey to 1000 models: Scaling Instagram’s recommendation system

Journey to 1000 models: Scaling Instagram’s recommendation system

In this post, we explore how Instagram has successfully scaled its algorithm to include over 1000 ML models without sacrificing recommendation quality or reliability. We delve into the intricacies of managing such a vast array of models, each with its own performance characteristics and product goals. We share insights and lessons learned along the way—from […]

CWChris Wiltz·May 21, 2025SRE & Ops
Performance — Performance measurements… and the people who love them

Performance measurements… and the people who love them

Developers have a gut-felt understanding for performance, but that intuition breaks down when systems reach Cloudflare’s scale. We need the rigor of statisticians to understand latency’s impact on users. Here we discuss our work to communicate customer-centric measurements of latency in our network.

KGKevin GuthrieKevin Guthrie·May 20, 2025Performance
Databases — When The Dead Won't Die

When The Dead Won't Die

How do PostgreSQL's VACUUM optimizations affect dead tuple metrics? Find out why they might persist or reappear when using VACUUM.

BHBernd Helmle·May 20, 2025Databases
Security — Threat Modeling Guide for Software Teams

Threat Modeling Guide for Software Teams

Threat modeling is a systems engineering practice where teams examine how data flows through systems to identify what can go wrong - a deceptively simple act that reveals security risks that automated tools cannot anticipate. Rather than conducting security analysis as a separate or upfront activity, teams should integrate threat modeling into their development process through small, regular activ

GMGayathri Mohan and Jim Gumbley·May 20, 2025Security
SRE & Ops — Meta’s Full-stack HHVM optimizations for GenAI

Meta’s Full-stack HHVM optimizations for GenAI

As Meta has launched new, innovative products leveraging generative AI (GenAI), we need to make sure the underlying infrastructure components evolve along with it. Applying infrastructure knowledge and optimizations have allowed us to adapt to changing product requirements, delivering a better product along the way. Ultimately, our infrastructure systems need to balance our need to […]

CWChris Wiltz·May 20, 2025SRE & Ops
Networking — Your IPs, your rules- enabling more efficient address space usage

Your IPs, your rules- enabling more efficient address space usage

IPv4 is expensive, and moving network resources around is hard. Previously, when customers wanted to use multiple Cloudflare services, they had to bring a new address range. Now, they can use their resources more efficiently, saving space and reducing operational costs.

MRMark Rodgers, Sphoorti MetriMark Rodgers, Sphoorti Metri·May 19, 2025Networking
AI & ML — GitHub Copilot: Meet the new coding agent

GitHub Copilot: Meet the new coding agent

Implementing features has never been easier: Just assign a task or issue to Copilot. It runs in the background with GitHub Actions and submits its work as a pull request.

TDThomas DohmkeThomas Dohmke·May 19, 2025AI & ML
Design & UX — Design System In 90 Days — Smashing Magazine

Design System In 90 Days — Smashing Magazine

Helpful PDF worksheets and tools to get the design system effort up and running — and adopted! Kindly powered by How To Measure UX and Design Impact, a friendly course on how to show the impact of your incredible UX work on business.

VFVitaly FriedmanVitaly Friedman·May 19, 2025Design & UX
Frontend — Scroll-Driven Animations Inside a CSS Carousel

Scroll-Driven Animations Inside a CSS Carousel

Hey, isn't there a fairly new CSS feature that works with scroll regions? Oh yes, that's Scroll-Driven Animations. Shouldn't that mean we can trigger an animation while scrolling through the items in a CSS carousel?

GGGeoff GrahamGeoff Graham·May 15, 2025Frontend
Career & Teams — Open-sourcing Pyrefly: A faster Python type checker written in Rust

Open-sourcing Pyrefly: A faster Python type checker written in Rust

Back in 2017, engineers at Meta sought to create a type checker for Instagram’s typed Python codebase. Years later, as the type system continued to evolve, that type checker eventually became Pyrefly. Pyrefly is a new type checker and IDE experience for Python, written with Rust, and now available for the entire Python community to […]

CWChris Wiltz·May 15, 2025Career & Teams
SRE & Ops — Introducing Pyrefly: A new type checker and IDE experience for Python

Introducing Pyrefly: A new type checker and IDE experience for Python

Today we are announcing an alpha version of Pyrefly, an open source Python type checker and IDE extension crafted in Rust. Pyrefly is a static type checker that analyzes Python code to ensure type consistency and help you catch errors throughout your codebase before your code runs. It also supports IDE integration and CLI usage […]

CWChris Wiltz·May 15, 2025SRE & Ops
Design & UX — Fewer Ideas: An Unconventional Approach To Creativity — Smashing Magazine

Fewer Ideas: An Unconventional Approach To Creativity — Smashing Magazine

Remember that last team brainstorming session where you were supposed to generate a long list of brilliant ideas? How many of those ideas actually stuck? Did leadership act on any of those ideas? In this article, Eric Olive challenges the value of exercises like brainstorming and explores more effective methods for sparking creativity to improve design and enhance the user’s experience.

EOEric OliveEric Olive·May 15, 2025Design & UX
Frontend — Smashing Animations Part 2: How CSS Masking Can Add An Extra Dimension — Smashing Magazine

Smashing Animations Part 2: How CSS Masking Can Add An Extra Dimension — Smashing Magazine

What if you could take your CSS animations beyond simple fades and slides — adding an extra dimension and a bit of old-school animation magic? In this article, pioneering author and web designer [Andy Clarke](https://stuffandnonsense.co.uk) will show you how masking can unlock new creative possibilities for CSS animations, making them feel more fluid, layered, and cinematic.

ACAndy ClarkeAndy Clarke·May 14, 2025Frontend
Frontend — The Height Enigma

The Height Enigma

One of the most perplexing and befuddling things in CSS for me, for many years, was the behaviour of percentage-based heights. Sometimes, seemingly at random, setting height: 100% would have no effect at all. When I finally figured out what was going on, it was like a puzzle piece snapping into place; everything made so much more sense! In this post, I’ll share the epiphany I had, and we’ll explor

JWJosh W. Comeau·May 12, 2025Frontend
Design & UX — Integrating Localization Into Design Systems — Smashing Magazine

Integrating Localization Into Design Systems — Smashing Magazine

Learn how two designers tackled the challenges of building a localization-ready design system for a global audience. This case study dives into how Rebecca and Mark combined Figma Variables and design tokens to address multilingual design issues, such as text overflow, RTL layouts, and font inconsistencies.

RHRebecca Hemstad Mark MalekRebecca Hemstad Mark Malek·May 12, 2025Design & UX
AI & ML — Accelerating GPU indexes in Faiss with NVIDIA cuVS

Accelerating GPU indexes in Faiss with NVIDIA cuVS

Meta and NVIDIA collaborated to accelerate vector search on GPUs by integrating NVIDIA cuVS into Faiss v1.10, Meta’s open source library for similarity search. This new implementation of cuVS will be more performant than classic GPU-accelerated search in some areas. For inverted file (IVF) indexing, NVIDIA cuVS outperforms classical GPU-accelerated IVF build times by up […]

CWChris Wiltz·May 8, 2025AI & ML
Design & UX — Integrating Design And Code With Native Design Tokens In Penpot — Smashing Magazine

Integrating Design And Code With Native Design Tokens In Penpot — Smashing Magazine

The Penpot team is not slowing down on its mission to build a free design tool that not only offers powerful design features but is also well-integrated with code and modern development practices. In its latest release, Penpot, as the first design tool ever, introduces support for native design tokens. Let’s take a closer look at this concept and how you can employ it in your process.

MDMikolaj Dobrucki·May 8, 2025Design & UX
Networking — QUIC restarts, slow problems: udpgrm to the rescue

QUIC restarts, slow problems: udpgrm to the rescue

udpgrm is a lightweight daemon for graceful restarts of UDP servers. It leverages SO_REUSEPORT and eBPF to route new and existing flows to the correct server instance. Designed for modern protocols like QUIC, udpgrm hides kernel complexity behind a clean, configurable API.

CCloudflare·May 7, 2025Networking