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The best problem-solving writing in software engineering — databases, performance, security, frontend and distributed systems, in one feed.

11,657 articles
Engineering — Policy, privacy and post-quantum: anonymous credentials for everyone

Policy, privacy and post-quantum: anonymous credentials for everyone

The world is adopting anonymous credentials for digital privacy, but these systems are vulnerable to quantum computers. This post explores the cryptographic challenges and promising research paths toward building new, quantum-resistant credentials from the ground up.

LHLena Heimberger, Christopher PattonLena Heimberger, Christopher Patton·October 30, 2025Engineering
Performance — So long, and thanks for all the fish- how to escape the Linux networking stack

So long, and thanks for all the fish- how to escape the Linux networking stack

Many products at Cloudflare aren’t possible without pushing the limits of network hardware and software to deliver improved performance, increased efficiency, or novel capabilities such as soft-unicast, our method for sharing IP subnets across data centers. Happily, most people do not need to know the intricacies of how your operating system handles network and Internet access in general. Yes, eve

CCloudflare·October 29, 2025Performance
Networking — Measuring characteristics of TCP connections at Internet scale

Measuring characteristics of TCP connections at Internet scale

Researchers and practitioners have been studying connections almost as long as the Internet that supports them. Today, Cloudflare’s global network receives millions of connections per second. We explore various characteristics of TCP connections, including lifetimes, sizes, and more.

SPSuleman, Peter WuSuleman, Peter Wu·October 29, 2025Networking
Networking — One IP address, many users: Detecting CGNAT to reduce collateral effects

One IP address, many users: Detecting CGNAT to reduce collateral effects

IPv4 scarcity drives widespread use of Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation, a practice in ISPs and mobile networks that places many users behind each IP address, along with their collected activity and volumes of traffic. We introduce the method we’ve developed to detect large-scale IP sharing globally and mitigate the issues that result.

VMVasilis, MarwanVasilis, Marwan·October 29, 2025Networking
Security — Helping protect the 2025 Moldova elections

Helping protect the 2025 Moldova elections

Cloudflare mitigated a 12-hour DDoS attack against Moldova's Central Election Commission, blocking over 898 million malicious requests that peaked at 324,333 requests per second. This defense kept critical election infrastructure online and accessible for citizens during a critical parliamentary vote.

JJocelynJocelyn·October 29, 2025Security
Security — Defending QUIC from acknowledgement-based DDoS attacks

Defending QUIC from acknowledgement-based DDoS attacks

We identified and patched two DDoS vulnerabilities in our QUIC implementation related to packet acknowledgements. Cloudflare customers were not affected. We examine the "Optimistic ACK" attack vector and our solution, which dynamically skips packet numbers to validate client behavior.

AKApoorv Kothari, Louis NavarreApoorv Kothari, Louis Navarre·October 29, 2025Security
Design & UX — Getting Creative With Small Screens

Getting Creative With Small Screens

On mobile, people can lose their sense of context and can’t easily tell where a section begins or ends. Good small-screen design can help orient them using a variety of techniques.

ACAndy ClarkeAndy Clarke·October 29, 2025Design & UX
Databases — PostgreSQL Training

PostgreSQL Training

Get ahead in PostgreSQL and GIS: On-Site, Online or in your Office. You decide what is best for you and your Team.

CPCYBERTEC PostgreSQL·October 29, 2025Databases
Security — State of the post-quantum Internet in 2025

State of the post-quantum Internet in 2025

Today over half of human-initiated traffic with Cloudflare is protected against harvest-now/decrypt-later with post-quantum encryption. What once was a cool science project, is the new security baseline for the Internet. We’re not done yet: in this blog post we’ll take measure where we are, what we expect for the coming years, and what you can do today.

BBasBas·October 28, 2025Security
Engineering — Online outages: Q3 2025 Internet disruption summary

Online outages: Q3 2025 Internet disruption summary

In Q3 2025, global Internet disruptions were caused by everything from government shutdowns to stray bullets and earthquakes. This report analyzes the traffic data behind these outages to show their real-world impact on connectivity.

DBDavid BelsonDavid Belson·October 28, 2025Engineering
Engineering — A framework for measuring Internet resilience

A framework for measuring Internet resilience

We present a data-driven framework to quantify cross-layer Internet resilience. We also share a list of measurements with which to quantify facets of Internet resilience for geographical areas.

VCVasilis, CdrubinVasilis, Cdrubin·October 28, 2025Engineering
AI & ML — Schema 2025: Design systems for a new era

Schema 2025: Design systems for a new era

As AI accelerates product development, design systems keep the bar for craft and quality high. Here’s everything we announced at Schema to help teams design for the AI era.

PCPaige Costello·October 28, 2025AI & ML
Security — Agentic AI and Security

Agentic AI and Security

Agentic AI systems present unique security challenges. The fundamental security weakness of LLMs is that there is no rigorous way to separate instructions from data, so anything they read is potentially an instruction. This leads to the “Lethal Trifecta”: sensitive data, untrusted content, and external communication - the risk that the LLM will read hidden instructions that leak sensitive data to

KSKorny Sietsma·October 28, 2025Security