
How to Accurately Test Significance with Difference in Difference Models
When we want to determine the causal effect of a product or business change at Spotify, A/B testing is the gold standard. However, in some cases, it’s not possible to run A/B tests. For example, when the intervention is an exogenous shock we can’t control, such as the COVID pandemic. Or when using experimental control is infeasible, such as during the annual delivery of Spotify Wrapped. In these c